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Michael Robert Milken (born July 4, 1946) is an American former financier and philanthropist. He is noted for his role in the development of the market for high-yield bonds ("junk bonds"), for his conviction following a guilty plea on felony charges for violating U.S. securities laws, and for his charitable giving. Milken was indicted for racketeering and securities fraud in 1989 in an insider trading investigation. As the result of a plea bargain, he pled guilty to securities and reporting violations but not to racketeering or insider trading. Milken was sentenced to ten years in prison, fined $600 million, and permanently barred from the securities industry by the Securities and Exchange Commission. His sentence was later reduced to two years for cooperating with testimony against his former colleagues and for good behavior.〔("Milken's Sentence Reduced by Judge; 7 Months Are Left" ) ''New York Times''; August 06, 1992〕 His critics cited him as the epitome of Wall Street greed during the 1980s, and nicknamed him the "Junk Bond King". Supporters, like George Gilder in his book, ''Telecosm'' (2000), state that "Milken was a key source of the organizational changes that have impelled economic growth over the last twenty years. Most striking was the productivity surge in capital, as Milken...and others took the vast sums trapped in old-line businesses and put them back into the markets." Since his release from prison, Milken has funded medical research. He is co-founder of the Milken Family Foundation, chairman of the Milken Institute, and founder of medical philanthropies funding research into melanoma, cancer and other life-threatening diseases. A prostate cancer survivor, Milken has devoted significant resources to research on the disease. In a November 2004 cover article, ''Fortune'' magazine called him "The Man Who Changed Medicine" for changes in approach to funding and results that he initiated.〔 Milken's compensation, while head of the high-yield bond department at Drexel Burnham Lambert in the late 1980s, exceeded $1 billion in a four-year period, a new record for U.S. income at that time.〔 "Surely no one in American history has earned anywhere near as much in a year as Mr. Milken."〕 With an estimated net worth of around $2 billion as of 2010, he is ranked by ''Forbes'' magazine as the 488th richest person in the world.〔 ==Education== Milken was born into a middle-class Jewish〔(New York Review of Books: "The Golden Age of Junk by Roger E. Alcaly ) May 26, 1994〕〔(Los Angeles Times: "Milken's Largess Slows Down : Donations: The junk bond king's charitable trusts have virtually stopped growing since his 1989 federal indictment" by James F. Peltz ) September 15, 1992〕〔() Jewish Virtual Library: Michael Milken retrieved February 5, 2013〕〔(''The Jewish Telegraph'': "Zuckerberg among nine new Jewish individuals and families to take the Giving Pledge" by Jacob Berkman ) December 10, 2010〕〔(''The Jewish Journal'': "Bush should pardon Mike Milken" by Dean Rotbart ) December 18, 2008〕 family in Encino, California.〔''America in the 20th Century'': 1980 - 1989, page 1200〕 He graduated from Birmingham High School where he was the head cheerleader and worked while in school at a diner.〔(MANHATTAN, INC: "The Secret World of Mike Milken" by Edward Jay Epstein ) September 1987〕 His classmates included actresses Sally Field and Cindy Williams. In 1968, he graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a B.S. with highest honors where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and was a member of the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity.〔(UC Berkeley Inter-Fraternity Council: Sigma Alpha Mu )〕 He received his MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. While at Berkeley, Milken was influenced by credit studies authored by W. Braddock Hickman, a former president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, who noted that a portfolio of non-investment grade bonds offered "risk-adjusted" returns greater than that of an investment grade portfolio. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Milken」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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